Foundations of modern networking

Preface 

PART I. MODERN NETWORKING 

1. Elements of Modern Networking 
1.1 The Networking Ecosystem
1.2 Example Network Architectures
  A Global Network Architecture   
  A Typical Network Hierarchy 
1.3 Ethernet
  Applications of Ethernet 
  Standards 
  Ethernet Data Rates 
1.4 Wi-Fi
  Applications of Wi-Fi 
  Standards 
  Wi-Fi Data Rates
1.5 4G/5G Cellular
  First Generation 
  Second Generation
  Third Generation 
  Fourth Generation
  Fifth Generation 
1.6 Cloud Computing
  Cloud Computing Concepts 
  The Benefits of Cloud Computing 
  Cloud Networking
  Cloud Storage
1.7 Internet of Things
  Things on the Internet of Things
  Evolution
  Layers of the Internet of Things 
1.8 Network Convergence
1.9 Unified Communications
1.10 Key Terms
1.11 References

2. Requirements and Technology 
2.1 Types of Network and Internet Traffic
  Elastic Traffic 
  Inelastic Traffic
  Real-Time Traffic Characteristics 
2.2 Demand: Big Data, Cloud Computing, and Mobile Traffic
  Big Data 
  Cloud Computing
  Mobile Traffic 
2.3 Requirements: QoS and QoE
  Quality of Service
  Quality of Experience 
2.4 Routing
  Characteristics 
  Packet Forwarding 
  Routing Protocols
  Elements of a Router 
2.5 Congestion Control
  Effects of Congestion
  Congestion Control Techniques 
2.6 SDN and NFV
  Software-Defined Networking
  Network Functions Virtualization 
2.7 Modern Networking Elements
2.8 Key Terms
2.9 References

PART II. SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKS

3. SDN: Background and Motivation 
3.1 Evolving Network Requirements
  Demand Is Increasing
  Supply Is Increasing 
  Traffic Patterns Are More Complex
  Traditional Network Architectures are Inadequate
3.2 The SDN Approach
  Requirements
  SDN Architecture
  Characteristics of Software-Defined Networking
3.3 SDN- and NFV-Related Standards
  Standards-Developing Organizations 
  Industry Consortia
  Open Development Initiatives 
3.4 Key Terms
3.5 References

4. SDN Data Plane and OpenFlow
4.1 SDN Data Plane
  Data Plane Functions   
  Data Plane Protocols
4.2 OpenFlow Logical Network Device
  Flow Table Structure
  Flow Table Pipeline
  The Use of Multiple Tables
  Group Table
4.3 OpenFlow Protocol
4.4 Key Terms

5. SDN Control Plane 
5.1 SDN Control Plane Architecture
  Control Plane Functions 
  Southbound Interface
  Northbound Interface
  Routing
5.2 ITU-T Model
5.3 OpenDaylight
  OpenDaylight Architecture
  OpenDaylight Helium
5.4 REST
  REST Constraints
  Example REST API
5.5 Cooperation and Coordination Among Controllers
  Centralized Versus Distributed Controllers 
  High-Availability Clusters
  Federated SDN Networks 
  Border Gateway Protocol 
  Routing and QoS Between Domains 
  Using BGP for QoS Management 
  IETF SDNi 
  OpenDaylight SNDi
5.6 Key Terms
5.7 References

6. SDN Application Plane
6.1 SDN Application Plane Architecture 
  Northbound Interface 
  Network Services Abstraction Layer 
  Network Applications
  User Interface 
6.2 Network Services Abstraction Layer
  Abstractions in SDN
  Frenetic
6.3 Traffic Engineering
  PolicyCop 
6.4 Measurement and Monitoring
6.5 Security
  OpenDaylight DDoS Application
6.6 Data Center Networking
  Big Data over SDN 
  Cloud Networking over SDN 
6.7 Mobility and Wireless
6.8 Information-Centric Networking
  CCNx
  Use of an Abstraction Layer 
6.9 Key Terms

PART III. VIRTUALIATION

7. Network Functions Virtualization: Concepts and Architecture 
7.1 Background and Motivation for NFV
7.2 Virtual Machines
  The Virtual Machine Monitor
  Architectural Approaches 
  Container Virtualization
7.3 NFV Concepts
  Simple Example of the Use of NFV
  NFV Principles 
  High-Level NFV Framework
7.4 NFV Benefits and Requirements
  NFV Benefits 
  Requirements 
7.5 NFV Reference Architecture
  NFV Management and Orchestration
  Reference Points
  Implementation 
7.6 Key Terms
7.7 References

8. NFV Functionality 
8.1 NFV Infrastructure
  Container Interface 
  Deployment of NFVI Containers
  Logical Structure of NFVI Domains 
  Compute Domain 
  Hypervisor Domain 
  Infrastructure Network Domain
8.2 Virtualized Network Functions
  VNF Interfaces 
  VNFC to VNFC Communication 
  VNF Scaling 
8.3 NFV Management and Orchestration
  Virtualized Infrastructure Manager 
  Virtual Network Function Manager 
  NFV Orchestrator 
  Repositories 
  Element Management
  OSS/BSS 
8.4 NFV Use Cases
  Architectural Use Cases 
  Service-Oriented Use Cases 
8.5 SDN and NFV
8.6 Key Terms
8.7 References

9. Network Virtualization 
9.1 Virtual LANs
  The Use of Virtual LANs
  Defining VLANs 
  Communicating VLAN Membership 
  IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Standard 
  Nested VLANs
9.2 OpenFlow VLAN Support
9.3 Virtual Private Networks
  IPsec VPNs 
  MPLS VPNs
9.4 Network Virtualization
  A Simplified Example
  Network Virtualization Architecture 
  Benefits of Network Virtualization
9.5 OpenDaylight's Virtual Tenant Network
9.6 Software-Defined Infrastructure
  Software-Defined Storage 
  SDI Architecture
9.7 Key Terms
9.8 References

PART IV. DEFINING AND SUPPORTING USER NEEDS 

10. Quality of Service 
10.1 Background
10.2 QoS Architectural Framework
  Data Plane 
  Control Plane 
  Management Plane 
10.3 Integrated Services Architecture
  ISA Approach
  ISA Components 
  ISA Services 
  Queuing Discipline 
10.4 Differentiated Services
  Services
  DiffServ Field 
  DiffServ Configuration and Operation 
  Per-Hop Behavior 
  Default Forwarding PHB
10.5 Service Level Agreements
10.6 IP Performance Metrics
10.7 OpenFlow QoS Support
  Queue Structures 
  Meters
10.8 Key Terms
10.9 References

11. QoE: User Quality of Experience 
11.1 Why QoE?
  Online Video Content Delivery
11.2 Service Failures Due to Inadequate QoE Considerations
11.3 QoE-Related Standardization Projects
11.4 Definition of Quality of Experience
  Definition of Quality
  Definition of Experience
  Quality Formation Process
  Definition of Quality of Experience 
11.5 QoE Strategies in Practice
  The QoE/QoS Layered Model
  Summarizing and Merging the QoE/QoS Layers
11.6 Factors Influencing QoE
11.7 Measurements of QoE
  Subjective Assessment 
  Objective Assessment
  End-User Device Analytics 
  Summarizing the QoE Measurement Methods
11.8 Applications of QoE
11.9 Key Terms
11.10 References

12. Network Design Implications of QoS and QoE 
12.1 Classification of QoE/QoS Mapping Models
  Black-Box Media-Based QoS/QoE Mapping Models
  Glass-Box Parameter-Based QoS/QoE Mapping Models
  Gray-Box QoS/QoE Mapping Models 
  Tips for QoS/QoE Mapping Model Selection 
12.2 IP-Oriented Parameter-Based QoS/QoE Mapping Models
  Network Layer QoE/QoS Mapping Models for Video Services
  Application Layer QoE/QoS Mapping Models for Video Services 
12.3 Actionable QoE over IP-Based Networks
  The System-Oriented Actionable QoE Solution
  The Service-Oriented Actionable QoE Solution
12.4 QoE Versus QoS Service Monitoring
  QoS Monitoring Solutions
  QoE Monitoring Solutions 
12.5 QoE-Based Network and Service Management
  QoE-Based Management of VoIP Calls 
  QoE-Based Host-Centric Vertical Handover
  QoE-Based Network-Centric Vertical Handover 
12.6 Key Terms
12.7 References

PART V. MODERN NETWORK ARCHITECTURE: CLOUDS AND FOG 

13. Cloud Computing 
13.1 Basic Concepts
13.2 Cloud Services
  Software as a Service 
  Platform as a Service 
  Infrastructure as a Service
  Other Cloud Services 
  XaaS 
13.3 Cloud Deployment Models
  Public Cloud
  Private Cloud
  Community Cloud
  Hybrid Cloud 
13.4 Cloud Architecture
  NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture 
  ITU-T Cloud Computing Reference Architecture 
13.5 SDN and NFV
  Service Provider Perspective 
  Private Cloud Perspective
  ITU-T Cloud Computing Functional Reference Architecture
13.6 Key Terms

14. The Internet of Things: Components 
14.1 The IoT Era Begins
14.2 The Scope of the Internet of Things
14.3 Components of IoT-Enabled Things
  Sensors
  Actuators
  Microcontrollers 
  Transceivers
  RFID
14.4 Key Terms
14.5 References

15. The Internet of Things: Architecture and Implementation 
15.1 IoT Architecture
  ITU-T IoT Reference Model 
  IoT World Forum Reference Model
15.2 IoT Implementation
  IoTivity 
  Cisco IoT System
  ioBridge 
15.3 Key Terms
15.4 References

PART VI. RELATED TOPICS 

16. Security
16.1 Security Requirements 
16.2 SDN Security
  Threats to SDN
  Software-Defined Security 
16.3 NFV Security
  Attack Surfaces
  ETSI Security Perspective 
  Security Techniques 
16.4 Cloud Security
  Security Issues and Concerns 
  Cloud Security Risks and Countermeasures
  Data Protection in the Cloud 
  Cloud Security as a Service 
  Addressing Cloud Computer Security Concerns 
16.5 IoT Security
  The Patching Vulnerability 
  IoT Security and Privacy Requirements Defined by ITU-T 
  An IoT Security Framework
  Conclusion
16.6 Key Terms
16.7 References

17. The Impact of the New Networking on IT Careers 
17.1 The Changing Role of Network Professionals
  Changing Responsibilities
  Impact on Job Positions 
  Bottom Line 
17.2 DevOps
  DevOps Fundamentals
  The Demand for DevOps
  DevOps for Networking
  DevOps Network Offerings
  Cisco DevNet
  Conclusion on the Current State of DevOps
17.3 Training and Certification
  Certification Programs 
  IT Skills
17.4 Online Resources
17.5 References

Appendix A: References 

Glossary 

Index